CPU是工控主板很重要的组成部件，主要包括运算逻辑部件、寄存器部件和控制部件等。在安装CPU的时候，在攒机或者更滑cpu芯片的时，cpu芯片应该如何安装到主板上呢。 CPU的安装过程大家在将主板装进机箱前先将CPU和内存安装好，以免将主板安装好后机箱内狭窄的空间影响CPU等的顺利安装。

    第一步，稍向外/向上用力拉开CPU插座上的锁杆与插座呈90度角，以便让CPU能够插入处理器插座。

    第二步，然后将CPU上针脚有缺针的部位对准插座上的缺口。

    第三步，CPU只能够在方向正确时才能够被插入插座中，然后按下锁杆。

    第四步，在CPU的核心上均匀涂上足够的散热膏（硅脂）。但要注意不要涂得太多，只要均匀的涂上薄薄一层即可。

CPU的安装一般很简单，但CPU风扇的安装较复杂，其步骤如后：

    第一步，首先在主板上找到CPU和它的支撑机构的位置，然后安装好CPU。

    第二步，接着将散热片妥善定位在支撑机构上。

    第三步，再将散热风扇安装在散热片的顶部——向下压风扇直到它的四个卡子鍥入支撑机构对应的孔中；

    第四步，再将两个压杆压下以固定风扇，需要注意的是每个压杆都只能沿一个方向压下。

    以上内容就是工控主板安装CPU的操作步骤。安装起来其实不难，最主要的是注意涂散热膏或加块散热垫，避免烧毁处理器。

As noted earlier, user applications are not allowed to communicate with hardware directly because that would require supervisor privileges on the processor, such as executing special instructions or handling interrupts. Applications utilizing a specific hardware device typically operate on kernel drivers exposed via nodes in the /dev directory.

Device nodes are called pseudofiles: they look like files; applications can also open() or close() them; but when they are read or written, the data comes from or is passed to the device nodes' associated driver. This level of abstraction is handled by the virtual file system (VFS) inside the Linux kernel. Besides read(), write(), or poll(), user applications may also interact with a device using ioctl() (input/output control).

In addition to the device nodes, applications may also utilize file entries in /sys, a sysfs virtual file system that exports information about devices and drivers, including parent/child relationship or association to a specific class or bus, from the kernel device model to user space. /sys is also heavily used for device configuration, especially when the driver in question registers with a device driver core, which exports only its standardized set of functionality to the user.