我们新研制出一种用于纸浆白度测定的智能白度仪，该仪表采用西门子公司生产的S7-224 CPU结合软件功能进行数据处理，具有较好的可靠性、重复性、精确度和稳定性。为了使其能与其它智能设备之间实现通信，我们将通过现场总线技术把它连接到网络中，使它成为造纸厂现场总线控制系统的一部分。

2.现场总线的选择

  2.1现场总线技术的选择

  现场总线集控制技术、计算机技术、通信技术于一体，是当今自动化领域技术发展的热点之一。这项技术可将多个智能控制仪表连接成网络系统，实现分布式计算机控制，提高检测和控制精度，改善系统的动态响应速度，提高系统安全性，从而得到了广泛的应用。

  近年来，几种有影响的现场总线技术已在一些特定的应用领域里显示出各自的优势。在此，我们选定了现为德国和欧洲标准的PROFIBUS（Process Fieldbus）现场总线。一方面由于它是目前数据传输率快的一种现场总线，传输率高可达12Mbps，另一方面它能够很好的与西门子的传动设备相配合，并与西门子PLC（Programmable Logic Controller）结合紧密且组态简便。

  2.2 PROFIBUS现场总线简介

  参照ISO/OSI参考模型,PROFIBUS现场总线只包含物理层、数据链路层和应用层。由PROFIBUS-DP，PROFIBUS-FMS， PROFIBUS-PA组成PROFIBUS系列。

  PROFIBUS-DP：经过优化的高速、廉价的通信连接，专为自动控制系统和设备级分散I/O之间通信设计，使用PROFIBUS-DP模块可取代价格昂贵的24V或0～20mA并行信号线。用于分布式控制系统的高速数据传输。

  PROFIBUS-FMS ：解决车间级通用性通信任务，提供大量的通信服务，完成中等传输速度的循环和非循环通信任务，用于纺织工业、楼宇自动化、电气传动、传感器和执行器、可编程序控制器、低压开关设备等一般自动化控制。

  PROFIBUS-PA专为过程自动化设计，标准的本质安全的传输技术，实现了IEC1158-2中规定的通信规程，用于对安全性要求高的场合及由总线供电的站点。

  本设计中采用的是PROFIBUS-DP标准，PROFIBUS-DP（或DP标准）是由欧洲标准EN50170定义的一种远程I/O通信协议。DP表示分布式外围设备，亦即远程I/O。PROFIBUS-DP还用到了应用层接口（ALI），ALI将过程对象转换为通信对象。

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